Grammar final tomorrow! Review attached.

Grammar Review 8C

Final Exam Thursday, June 12, 2014

Website for Owl at Purdue

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/

Pronouns:

In general, nominative pronouns are used as the subjects of a sentence, while objective pronouns are, as the name suggests, used as the objects. A subject performs an action, and an object is a recipient of an action.

Nominative	Objective
I	Me
He/She	Him/Her
They	Them
We	Us

She and I took a walk in the park.

Our dog, Fido, accompanied me and her as we walked in the park.

Gerunds, Participials and Infinitives

A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. Since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would, for example: subject, direct object, and object of preposition.

Example

The gerund phrase functions as the object of the preposition for.

You might get in trouble for faking an illness to avoid work.

A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed. Since they function as adjectives, participles modify nouns or pronouns.

Example

Delores noticed her cousin walking along the shoreline.

The participial phrase functions as an adjective modifying cousin.

An infinitive is a verbal consisting of the word to plus a verb (in its simplest "stem" form) and functioning as a noun, adjective, or adverb. To + verb

Example

I have a paper to write before class.

Direct and indirect objects

A direct object answers the question "What?"

Examples:

David repaired his car - his car is the direct object of the verb repaired ( What did David repair?)

The man visited the museum - the museum is the direct object of the verb visited (what did the man visit?)

An indirect object answers the question "To whom?" or "For whom?". An indirect object is the recipient of the direct object, or an otherwise affected participant in the event. There must be a direct object for an indirect object to be placed in a sentence. In other words an indirect object cannot exist without a direct object.

Examples:

They sent him a postcard - him is the indirect object of the verb sent.

(To whom did they send a postcard?)

He bought his son a bike - his son is the indirect object of the verb bought.

(For whom he bought a bike?)

Predicate Nouns

Predicate noun is a word that is used in place of a subject noun.

Since Caroline is a good girl, she always does her homework.

Caroline-subject

girl- predicate noun

Caroline=girl

If you are a conscientious student, you will give the teacher your attention.

You-subject

student-predicate noun

You=student